The Distillation is a Process of separation of constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate Recovery of Vapour Residue.
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| Basics of Distillation Column |
Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays are used to bring the two phases in intimate contact. The trays are stacked one above other & enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An Equipment what we call as
'Distillation Column'.
TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION PROCESS
FEED :
• Feed is a Material which is to be separated into fractions.
• It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the Column Shell
• Due to Difference on the Gravity between Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray while the vapour goes up the Column, Contacting the Liquid at each tray.
ABSORPTION & STRIPPING
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| Flow Diagram of Absorption-Stripping system for Hydrocarbon recovery from Gaseous mixture |
• Many operations in Petrochemical Plants require the Absorption of component of gas streams into lean oils or Solvent.
• The resultant rich oil is then stripped or Denuded of the Absorbed Materials. The Greatest use of this operation utilizes Hydro carbon materials but the Principles are applicable to other systems provided adequate equilibrium data is available.
FRACTIONATION
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| Schematic Process of Fractionation Tower |
• Fractionation Column is a type of still.
• Crude oil is a typical feed for such a Fractionation column & from it, the column can form simultaneously several distillates such as Wax distillate, Gas oil, Heating oil, Naphta, & Fuel gas.
The feed is heated in the furnace before it enters the Column.
• As the feed enters in the Column, quantities of vapour are given off by flashing due to release of pressure of the feed.
• As the vapour rise up the column, they come in intimate contact with down flowing Liquid.
During this contact, some of the higher components of the vapour are condensed & some of the higher components of the down flowing liquids are vaporised.
• This process is termed as REFLUXING
REBOILER
• The reboiler can be thought of as a pot sitting on Heating surface of a Stove top. In order to create & sustain two phases Needed for the separation, Heat exchanger must be regulated to the Column.
The Reboiler is a large heat transfer unit that is Generally located outside of the column shell of the distillation column.
Reboiler Connections
DISTILLATION COLUMN INTERNALS
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| DISTILLATION COLUMN INTERNALS |
• Column internals are based on the internal details i.e.
1) Plate Type.
2) Packed Column.
Process Flow Diagram
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| Distillation column process flow diagram |
Tagged as :
Piping Design
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